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annalissa
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 Posted: Wed Nov 05, 2008 10:56 am Post subject: /lib, /sbin directories |
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Hi all,
why is it said that /lib, /sbin directories should not be mounted on
a separate partition ? |
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Doug Freyburger
Guest
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| Posted: Wed Nov 05, 2008 4:47 pm Post subject: Re: /lib, /sbin directories |
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annalissa <aark...@gmail.com> wrote:
| Quote: |
why is it said that /lib, /sbin directories should not be mounted on
a separate partition ?
|
Compiled binaries in a bin directory tend to reference compiled
libraries in a lib directory. Most of the binaries in /sbin are
statically linked but some can reference /lib. Since the first
filesystem mounted is root and the first binaries referenced are
in /sbin they must be capable of running with no reference at
all to any directory tree outside of /.
At install time there are options to move all sorts of directories
to their own mount points. /opt and /usr don't have any issues
like that. /sbin and /lib do have that issue.
The other directory that absolutely must be in the boot mount
point is /etc because /etc/inittab lives there plus the scripts
that do the mounts of all the other local filesystems. Once
the rest of the local filesystems are mounted it becomes
less important where a executible binary is versus where its
library binaries are. |
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Laurenz Albe
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| Posted: Wed Nov 05, 2008 5:21 pm Post subject: Re: /lib, /sbin directories |
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annalissa <aarklon@gmail.com> wrote:
| Quote: | why is it said that /lib, /sbin directories should not be mounted on
a separate partition ?
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Because they belong to the root file system.
Without the files in these directories the system is unusable.
These files should be there after / is mounted.
How, for example, do you want to start the init process, that eventually
mounts the other file systems? The executable is /sbin/init.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe |
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Unruh
Guest
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| Posted: Thu Nov 06, 2008 5:19 am Post subject: Re: /lib, /sbin directories |
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annalissa <aarklon@gmail.com> writes:
| Quote: | Hi all,
why is it said that /lib, /sbin directories should not be mounted on
a separate partition ?
|
Why is it said that the earth is hollow and an entirely different species
of people live inside it?
Who says it? |
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annalissa
Guest
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| Posted: Thu Nov 06, 2008 5:35 am Post subject: Re: /lib, /sbin directories |
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On Nov 6, 5:39 am, Michael Black <et...@ncf.ca> wrote:
| Quote: | On Wed, 5 Nov 2008, Unruh wrote:
annalissa <aark...@gmail.com> writes:
Hi all,
why is it said that /lib, /sbin directories should not be mounted on
a separate partition ?
Why is it said that the earth is hollow and an entirely different species
of people live inside it?
Who says it?
From past experience her friend, which some have translated to her
teacher.
The latter seems more likely, based on the questions.
|
it is not about friend or teacher
i got this from the book "Ubuntu Certified Professional Study Guide"
by Michael Jang
in page no: 175 it is written that :-
/lib Program libraries for the kernel and various command-line
utilities. Do not mount this directory on a separate partition.
/sbin System administration commands. Don’t mount this directory
separately. |
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Michael Black
Guest
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| Posted: Thu Nov 06, 2008 6:39 am Post subject: Re: /lib, /sbin directories |
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On Wed, 5 Nov 2008, Unruh wrote:
| Quote: | annalissa <aarklon@gmail.com> writes:
Hi all,
why is it said that /lib, /sbin directories should not be mounted on
a separate partition ?
Why is it said that the earth is hollow and an entirely different species
of people live inside it?
Who says it?
From past experience her friend, which some have translated to her |
teacher.
The latter seems more likely, based on the questions.
Michael |
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David W. Hodgins
Guest
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| Posted: Thu Nov 06, 2008 8:08 am Post subject: Re: /lib, /sbin directories |
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On Thu, 06 Nov 2008 00:35:04 -0500, annalissa <aarklon@gmail.com> wrote:
| Quote: | i got this from the book "Ubuntu Certified Professional Study Guide"
by Michael Jang
|
It boils down to what's required to load the kernel, and get the
filesystems that contain the needed programs, scripts, configuration
files, and modules that are needed to boot the system mounted.
If you create an initrd that contains all of the above, then you
don't need anything except /initrd and /boot on the root filesytem.
You can probably get away with scripts that create /initrd, for as
long as needed, in an initrd.
Anything you don't provide in the initrd must be available in the
root filesystem, unless it's set up to mount/get the rest of the
required stuff.
As with most things with linux, it's totally up to you, to decide
what you want where, and how you want to make it available, when
it's needed.
The advise to keep /lib, /bin, ..., on the root filesystem is based
on the use of boot scripts provided with commonly used distributions.
If you are willing to customize the scripts in the initrd, you can do
whatever you want.
Regards, Dave Hodgins
--
Change nomail.afraid.org to ody.ca to reply by email.
(nomail.afraid.org has been set up specifically for
use in usenet. Feel free to use it yourself.) |
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Unruh
Guest
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| Posted: Thu Nov 06, 2008 8:08 am Post subject: Re: /lib, /sbin directories |
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annalissa <aarklon@gmail.com> writes:
| Quote: | On Nov 6, 5:39=A0am, Michael Black <et...@ncf.ca> wrote:
On Wed, 5 Nov 2008, Unruh wrote:
annalissa <aark...@gmail.com> writes:
Hi all,
why is it said that /lib, /sbin directories should not be mounted on
a separate partition ?
Why is it said that the earth is hollow and an entirely different speci=
es
of people live inside it?
Who says it?
From past experience her friend, which some have translated to her
teacher.
The latter seems more likely, based on the questions.
it is not about friend or teacher
i got this from the book "Ubuntu Certified Professional Study Guide"
by Michael Jang
in page no: 175 it is written that :-
/lib Program libraries for the kernel and various command-line
utilities. Do not mount this directory on a separate partition.
/sbin System administration commands. Don=92t mount this directory
separately.
|
/bin, /sbin, /lib have to be in the / partitions. /lib contains all the
modules that the kernel needs to run your hardware ( disks, video,...)
/sbin contains critical system programs ( mount, ps, ifconfig, ifup, ....)
/bin contains system programs and programs to rescue stuff ( vim-minimal,
grep, cp, bash,....)
and /etc contains the configuration files. All these need to be ther for
the system to boot up.
If that is what you are refering to . Those quotes are totally obscure,
since what they mean by " on a separate partition" They usually ARE on a
separate partition from /home, or /usr/local. |
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Nico Kadel-Garcia
Guest
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| Posted: Thu Nov 06, 2008 8:08 am Post subject: Re: /lib, /sbin directories |
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Laurenz Albe wrote:
| Quote: | annalissa <aarklon@gmail.com> wrote:
why is it said that /lib, /sbin directories should not be mounted on
a separate partition ?
Because they belong to the root file system.
Without the files in these directories the system is unusable.
These files should be there after / is mounted.
How, for example, do you want to start the init process, that eventually
mounts the other file systems? The executable is /sbin/init.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
|
This used to be even more the case with systems that had to be bootstrapped to
boot, in various ways, For example, when Linux had to boot from a flaoppy, the
absolute *minimum* of components had to fit somewhere where the standard
system tools would not be mounted on them. Thus, the bootstrapppable element
of the OS were kept there, and were not part of everyday use. This made
partitioning a separate, mountable space for /usr much easier, and made
rebuilding or recovering it at need a lot easier.
Things have shifted in the Linux and the older UNIX world since those days. On
some systems, /lib and /bin are links to /usr/lib and /usr/bin. But the old
/lib and /bin paths are hardcoded for use in such bootstrap environments.
Heck, the binaries many moons ago in the UNIX world used to be stashed in
/etc, such /etc.restore for restoring filesystems. |
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Florian Diesch
Guest
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| Posted: Thu Nov 06, 2008 5:56 pm Post subject: Re: /lib, /sbin directories |
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Unruh <unruh-spam@physics.ubc.ca> wrote:
| Quote: | annalissa <aarklon@gmail.com> writes:
On Nov 6, 5:39=A0am, Michael Black <et...@ncf.ca> wrote:
On Wed, 5 Nov 2008, Unruh wrote:
annalissa <aark...@gmail.com> writes:
Hi all,
why is it said that /lib, /sbin directories should not be mounted on
a separate partition ?
Why is it said that the earth is hollow and an entirely different speci=
es
of people live inside it?
Who says it?
From past experience her friend, which some have translated to her
teacher.
The latter seems more likely, based on the questions.
it is not about friend or teacher
i got this from the book "Ubuntu Certified Professional Study Guide"
by Michael Jang
in page no: 175 it is written that :-
/lib Program libraries for the kernel and various command-line
utilities. Do not mount this directory on a separate partition.
/sbin System administration commands. Don=92t mount this directory
separately.
/bin, /sbin, /lib have to be in the / partitions. /lib contains all the
modules that the kernel needs to run your hardware ( disks,
video,...)
|
Usually all the modules needed for booting are in the initrd. But /lib
contains important libraries like the libc without which no program
(except for statically linked) works. As usually mount isn't
statically linked you can't mount anything without /lib
| Quote: | /sbin contains critical system programs ( mount, ps, ifconfig, ifup,
....)
|
More important /sbin contains init, the program that get started by
the kernel and controls the whole boot process.
| Quote: | /bin contains system programs and programs to rescue stuff ( vim-minimal,
grep, cp, bash,....)
|
The most important one is /bin/sh and other basic programs that are
needed for shell scripts. bash and vim are optional.
| Quote: | and /etc contains the configuration files.
|
In particular /etc contains the SysV init-scripts which tell init
what to do at boot time, and fstab that tells mount which partitions
to mount.
| Quote: | All these need to be ther for the system to boot up.
|
They are even required *before* any partition (other than /) gets
mounted during start up
| Quote: | If that is what you are refering to . Those quotes are totally obscure,
since what they mean by " on a separate partition" They usually ARE on a
separate partition from /home, or /usr/local.
|
Usually "on a separate partition" without further reference means
"separate from /".
Florian
--
<http://www.florian-diesch.de/>
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** Hi! I'm a signature virus! Copy me into your signature, please! **
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Lew Pitcher
Guest
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| Posted: Thu Nov 06, 2008 7:34 pm Post subject: Re: /lib, /sbin directories |
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On November 6, 2008 06:56, in comp.os.linux.setup, Florian Diesch
(diesch@spamfence.net) wrote:
| Quote: | Unruh <unruh-spam@physics.ubc.ca> wrote:
annalissa <aarklon@gmail.com> writes:
On Nov 6, 5:39=A0am, Michael Black <et...@ncf.ca> wrote:
On Wed, 5 Nov 2008, Unruh wrote:
annalissa <aark...@gmail.com> writes:
Hi all,
why is it said that /lib, /sbin directories should not be mounted on
a separate partition ?
Why is it said that the earth is hollow and an entirely different
speci=
es
of people live inside it?
Who says it?
From past experience her friend, which some have translated to her
teacher.
The latter seems more likely, based on the questions.
it is not about friend or teacher
i got this from the book "Ubuntu Certified Professional Study Guide"
by Michael Jang
in page no: 175 it is written that :-
/lib Program libraries for the kernel and various command-line
utilities. Do not mount this directory on a separate partition.
/sbin System administration commands. Don=92t mount this directory
separately.
/bin, /sbin, /lib have to be in the / partitions. /lib contains all the
modules that the kernel needs to run your hardware ( disks,
video,...)
Usually all the modules needed for booting are in the initrd. But /lib
contains important libraries like the libc without which no program
(except for statically linked) works. As usually mount isn't
statically linked you can't mount anything without /lib
/sbin contains critical system programs ( mount, ps, ifconfig, ifup,
....)
More important /sbin contains init, the program that get started by
the kernel and controls the whole boot process.
/bin contains system programs and programs to rescue stuff ( vim-minimal,
grep, cp, bash,....)
The most important one is /bin/sh and other basic programs that are
needed for shell scripts. bash and vim are optional.
and /etc contains the configuration files.
In particular /etc contains the SysV init-scripts which tell init
what to do at boot time, and fstab that tells mount which partitions
to mount.
|
Actually, /etc contains the inittab file, which is the control file
for /sbin/init. It is in /etc/inittab that all the system startup functions
are defined, including the functions to run the SysV init-scripts, if the
system has them.
| Quote: |
All these need to be ther for the system to boot up.
They are even required *before* any partition (other than /) gets
mounted during start up
|
[snip]
--
Lew Pitcher
Master Codewright & JOAT-in-training | Registered Linux User #112576
http://pitcher.digitalfreehold.ca/ | GPG public key available by request
---------- Slackware - Because I know what I'm doing. ------ |
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